Breed Standard of an Alaskan Malamute
General Appearance
The Alaskan Malamute, is one of the oldest Arctic sled dogs, it is a
powerful and substantially built dog with a deep chest and strong,
well-muscled body. The Malamute stands well over the pads, and this
stance gives the appearance of much activity and a proud carriage, with
an erect head and alert eyes, showing their unbounded interest, and
curiosity.
The head is broad. Ears are triangular, and erect when alerted. The
muzzle is bulky, only slight diminishing in width from root to nose. The
muzzle is not pointed or long, yet not stubby. The coat is thick, with a
coarse guard coat of sufficient length to protect a woolly undercoat.
Malamutes are of various colours. Face markings are a distinguishing
feature. These consist of a cap over the head, the face either all white
or marked with a bar and/or mask. The tail is well furred, carried over
the back, and has the appearance of a waving plume.
The Malamute must be a heavy boned dog with sound legs, good feet, deep
chest and powerful shoulders, and have all of the other physical
attributes necessary for the efficient performance of his job. The gait
must be steady, balanced, tireless and totally efficient. He is not
intended as a racing sled dog designed to compete in speed trials. The
Malamute is structured for strength and endurance, and any
characteristic of the individual specimen.
Size, Proportion, Substance
There is a natural range in size in the breed. The desirable freighting
sizes are: males, 25 inches at the shoulders, 85 pounds; females, 23
inches at the shoulders, 75 pounds. However, size consideration should
not outweigh that of type, proportion, movement and other functional
attributes. When dogs are judged equal in type, proportion, movement,
the dog nearest the desirable freighting size is to be preferred.
The depth of chest is approximately one half the height of the dog at
the shoulders, the deepest point being just behind the forelegs. The
length of the body from point of shoulder, to the rear point of pelvis,
is longer than the height of the body from ground to top of the withers.
The body carries no excess weight, and bone is in proportion to its
size.
Head
The head is broad and deep, not coarse or clumsy, but in proportion to
the size of the dog. The expression is soft and indicates an
affectionate disposition. The eyes are obliquely placed in the skull.
Eyes are brown, almond shaped and of medium size. Dark eyes are
preferred. Blue Eyes are a Disqualifying Fault.
The ears are of medium size, but small in proportion to the head. The
ears are triangular in shape and slightly rounded at the tips. They are
set wide apart on the outside back edges of the skull in line with the
upper corner of the eye, giving ears the appearance, when erect, of
standing off from the skull. Erect ears point slightly forward, but when
the dog is at work, the ears are sometimes folded against the skull.
High set ears are a fault.
The skull is broad and moderately rounded between the ears, gradually
narrowing and flattening on top, as it approaches the eyes, rounding off
to cheeks that are moderately flat. There is a slight furrow between the
eyes. The top line of the skull, and the top line of the muzzle show a
slight break downward from a straight line as they join.
The muzzle is large and bulky in proportion to the size of the skull,
diminishing slightly in width and depth from junction with the skull to
the nose. In all coat colours, except reds, the nose, lips, and eye
rims' pigmentation is black. Brown is permitted in red dogs. The lighter
streaked "snow nose" is acceptable. The lips are close fitting. The
upper and lower jaws are broad with large teeth. The incisors meet with
a scissors grip. Overshot or undershot is a fault.
Neck, Top line, Body
The neck is strong and moderately arched. The chest is well developed.
The body is compactly built, but not short coupled. The back is straight
and gently sloping to the hips. The loins are hard and well muscled. A
long loin that may weaken the back is a fault. The tail is moderately
set, and follows the line of the spine at the base. The tail is carried
over the back when not working. It is not a snap tail or curled tight
against the back, nor is it short furred like a fox brush. The Malamute
tail is well furred, and has the appearance of a waving plume.
Forequarters
The shoulders are moderately sloping; forelegs heavily boned and
muscled, straight to the pasterns when viewed from the front. Pasterns
are short and strong, and slightly sloping when viewed from the side.
The feet are of the snowshoe type, tight and deep, with well-cushioned
pads, giving a firm, compact appearance. The feet are large, toes tight
fitting and well arched. There is a protective growth of hair between
the toes. The pads are thick and tough; toenails short and strong.
Hindquarters
The rear legs are broad and heavily muscled through the thighs; stifles
moderately bent; hock joints are moderately bent and well let down. When
viewed from the rear, the legs stand and move true in line with the
movement of the front legs, not too close or too wide. Dewclaws on the
rear legs are undesirable and should be removed shortly after puppies
are whelped.
Coat
The Malamute has a thick, coarse guard coat, never long and soft. The
undercoat is dense, from one to two inches in depth, it is oily and
woolly. The coarse guard coat varies in length as does the undercoat.
The coat is relatively short to medium along the sides of the body, with
the length of the coat increasing around the shoulders and neck, down
the back, over the rump, and in the breeching and plume. Malamutes
usually have a shorter, and less dense coat during the summer months.
The Malamute is shown naturally. Trimming is not acceptable except to
provide a clean cut appearance of the feet.
Colour
The usual colours range from light gray, through intermediate shadings,
to black, sable, and shadings of sable to red. Colour combinations are
acceptable in undercoats, points, and trimmings. The only solid colour
allowable is all white. White is always the predominant colour on under
body, parts of legs, feet, and part of face markings. A white blaze on
the forehead and/or collar or a spot on the nape is attractive and
acceptable. If the Malamute is mantled, and broken colours extend over
the body or in uneven splashing , this is undesirable.
Gait
The gait of the Malamute is steady, balanced, and powerful. He is agile
for his size and build. When viewed from the side, the hindquarters
exhibit strong rear drive that is transmitted through a well-muscled
loin to the forequarters. The forequarters receive the drive from the
rear with a smooth reaching stride. When viewed from the front or from
the rear, the legs move true in line, not too close or too wide. At a
fast trot, the feet will converge toward the centreline of the body.
A stilted gait, or any gait that is not completely efficient and
tireless, is to be penalized.
Temperament
The Alaskan Malamute is an affectionate, friendly dog, not a "one man"
dog. He is a loyal, devoted companion, playful in invitation, but
generally impressive by his dignity after maturity.
Summary
IMPORTANT: In judging Malamutes, their function as a sledge dog for
heavy freighting in the Arctic must be given consideration above all
else. The degree to which a dog is penalized should depend upon the
extent to which the dog deviates from the description of the ideal
Malamute, and the extent to which the particular fault would actually
affect the working ability of the dog.
The legs of the Malamute must indicate unusual strength and tremendous
propelling power. Any indication of unsoundness in legs and feet, front
or rear, standing or moving, is to be considered a serious fault.
Faults under this provision would be splay-footedness, cow hocks, bad
pasterns, straight shoulders, lack of angulations, stilted gait (or any
gait that isn't balanced, strong and steady), ranginess, shallowness,
ponderousness, lightness of bone, and poor overall proportion.
Disqualification's
Blue Eyes